A.trofor renuntarea la fumat personalizare femei versus barbati 1

Editor's Notes

1. -b/f: 5/1, dar prevalenta fumatului variaza mult de la o tara la alta/va creste in tarile in care acum B fumeaza > F b/f=1/1 in australia, canada, sua GYTS(global youth tobacco survey): rata fumat baieti/fete intre 13-15 ani: baieti fumeaza numai de 2-3 ori mai mult decat fetele GEM: gender empowerment measure, Schaap et.al, 2009: a studiat rata fumat la F vs B in 19 tari europene cu venituri mici/maritre 25-39 ani, in Fctie de GEM, venitul brut si ever smoking rates. El nu a gasit corelatii semnificative inte ac variabile, dar a vazut ca mai mult conteaza gradul de raspandire a consumului de tigarete in tara respectiva… deci publicitatea, marketing TI!!! - Strategiile viitoare: sa previna initierea fumatului la fetele tinere!
2. Smoking harms and kills both men and women, but women face unique and even greater health risks from smoking than men. And although death rates among female smokers were previously thought to be lower than among male smokers for lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other tobacco-related diseases, new evidence shows that female death rates have increased and are now nearly identical to those of males. Researchers attribute this increase in large part to a convergence in smoking patterns among men and women since the 1960’s, with women starting to smoke earlier in adolescence and smoking more heavily. These findings confirm that “women who smoke like men die like Men Overall, women are less likely to smoke than men. But smoking is more popular among younger than older women. Nearly 20% of women ages 25 to 44 smoke. If these younger women continue to smoke as they get older, they will have smoking-related illnesses and disabilities. Smoking rates are somewhat lower among women aged 18 to 24, about 16.4%. About 7.1% of women age 65 and over smoke.( ACS, 2002)
3. **Femeile fumeaza in principal numai tigarete
4. *GATS (Global adult tobacco survey)2011 ** Ciobanu M.-coord., Studiu de evaluare a cunoştinţelor, atitudinilor şi practicilor cu privire la fumatul activ şi pasiv, MS, 2009 GATS: Global Adult Tobacco Survey: 4517 pers, progr OMS… (MS, Inst san publ,, Centru Nat Statistica, Totem Comunication), strategia MPOWER( monitorizare consum tutun, protejarea oamenilor de expunere tutun, sprijin renuntare la fumat, educare periole fumat, interzicere publicitate, crestere taxe produse tutun)
5. Tobacco is a major avoidable cause of illness and premature death in low-income countries. There were an estimated 4.83 million premature deaths attributable to smoking in 2000, 12% of the total global adult mortality. If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 10 million deaths each year by 2020. In South Asia, chewing tobacco is a major cause of oral cancer. -Anecdotal evidence suggests increased smoking among young affluent urban women in China and India, where female rates are very low, while in Singapore, rates among women aged 20–24 climbed from 2.5% to 6.7% between 1992 and 1998 (male rates fell during the same period)., OMS, 2013
6. A woman’s body tends to process nicotine more slowly than a man’s. Although the process is slower, women have higher levels of nicotine overall than men and women become more dependent on the nicotine. Tobacco ads target women by always reminding women that somehow they are not quite good enough. They encourage women to just add a cigarette, a new deodorant, or hair color to make themselves better.
7. Morning times: After waking or on the way into work (mainly in car); • Break times: Either at work or at home; • Evening times: Watching TV during quiet evening times or on night out. Strong brand loyalty exists particularly among heavier smokers. Women feel that often the brand smoked says something about them and the type of smoker they are. Traditional brands have a very specific consumer profile and command long-term loyalty from consumers. Marlboro Lights and John Player Blue were the most popular brands smoked. Pack design peaks female interest – many are drawn to ”elegant”, ”feminine” packaging and would like to be seen with these packs. Slim cigarettes were perceived as being ”light” and ”better for you”. These cigarettes particularly appealed to those who identify themselves as ”social smokers”. Hand-rolled tobacco and menthol cigarettes are erroneously seen as being less harmful. Due to the hassle of rolling cigarettes, many claim to smoke less so they feel healthier. Menthol cigarettes are seen as a way of cutting down.
8. Cardiovascular diseases caused by smoking include coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and stroke, among others.
9. Women smokers tend to take longer to conceive than women nonsmokers, and women smokers are at a higher risk of not being able to get pregnant at all.
10. In 2009 investigators working at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute reported results of a study examining how estrogen receptors might modulate the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. They showed that NSCLC cells expressed ERβ, but not ERα receptors. They also reported that ERβ-specific ligands, but not ERα-specific ligands, promoted the growth of lung cancer cells, and that knockdown of ERβ by short hairpin RNA constructs resulted in loss of estrogen-dependent lung cancer cell growth. Nonetheless, the authors said, estrogen caused rapid activation of c AMP- and MAPK-signaling pathways in lung cancer cells, suggesting that the proliferative effects of estrogen in lung cancer cells is mediated primarily, if not exclusively, by the non genomic action of ER. In summary, their data indicated that ERβ is not a nuclear protein in lung cancer cells, providing a unique model system to study the extra nuclear functions of the estrogen receptor.
11. Some of these studies used counseling or group support, which seemed to help both men and women quit and stay quit
12. *Several baseline variables were collected together with self-reported smoking status at 3 and 6 months **AC=abstinenta continua ***AV=abstinenta de varf ****In a multiple regression including all baseline variables, only gender and cigarettes per day were significant predictors of sustained abstinence. In conclusion, among a cohort of treatment-seekers in Taiwan, there was a significant gender difference in smoking cessation outcomes.
13. Respiratia profunda este parte a actului fumatului, deci exercitiile de respiratie ajuta in RF La femei, nivelul progesteronului fluctueaza, f de stadiul ciclului menstrual si este > dupa ovulatie
14. Cand renunta la fumat, femeile pierd si aportul de nicotina si stimularea senzoriala, singurul care suplineste cel mai bine tigara la femei este inhalerul cu nicotina Femeile care renunta in faza luteala a ciclului au mai multe simptome de sevraj/de aceea, se recomanda renuntarea in faza foliculara
15. – research shows that withdrawal symptoms are worse in the latter part of the cycle and during your period. Therefore, you may want to try to stop at the end of your period to experience less intense withdrawal symptoms