THE CRUST - ISSUE #8

Hello readers, and thank you for reading this month’s issue of THE CRUST. This month, I was honored to attend the World Nutrition Forum (WNF) in Cancun, Mexico. As a non-nutritionist, this conference piqued my interest because I’ve always been interested in how feed formulators decide what to be included in their product.

which nutrition can help fight climate change. One such example is the feed additive that can reduce methane emissions from cattle burps. Exciting right? Let’s hope this is one of many possibilities that the world might invent in the future.

Coincidentally, the event also aligns with what we planned as our main topic in this month’s THE CRUST. We want to focus on the various alternative sources of proteins that are being developed to replace those essential ingredients that are hard to get. Hopefully, these alternative ingredients can be included

Apparently, there are many considerations that go into animal nutrition science. Formulators need to juggle between what is good and what is available in their arsenal to create the best formula at that given moment. But the pursuit of that incremental increase in performance is what separates a great feed mill from an average feed mill. As we know, some essential ingredients are seasonal or even limited, such as quality fishmeal or quality soybean meal. Therefore, it is the formulator’s job to mix and match different ingredients, vitamins, and/or additives to reduce anti-nutritional factors, mycotoxins, or other detrimental elements. Thus, one big challenge for feed mills is to make a consistently great product.

One other topic at the forefront of WNF was sustainability. The importance of sustainability has been growing over the years, and it was interesting to see the many improvements made to tackle this looming global issue. Now, feed additives don’t just focus on performance but also on ways in

more in feed formulations and help feed the world’sgrowingpopulations.Lastexcitingnewsisthatwearemovingcloser and closer to our annual PMI conference.

Startingthisyear,wewillbrandouryearlymeetingastheShrimpAquacultureConference(SAC). Ithasbeeneightyearssincewestartedthisen-

deavor,anditisbynomeansa smoothsailing.Forthosewho justonlyheardofthis,wewill hold our event in Bali on the 20th-22ndofJune.Itwillbean

The BlackAlternatives:Soldier

Feed, as one of the essential primary components in agriculture and aquaculture, is constantly developing, especially on the formulation side. Other than quality, the feed mill industry is now challenged to find and use alternative ingredients that are sustainable and efficient. Luckily in recent years, a number of alternative feed ingredients have been developed that can act as a substitute for protein sources in feed. One such ingredient is the maggot/larvae protein meal obtained from insects. The insect itself comes from the Hermetia illucens, or as commonly known as the Black Soldier Fly (BSF). This fly species originally came from South America and survives by ingesting “organic wastes.” BSF larvae also contain high levels of animal crude protein, around 4142%. This is why this larvae meal is a prime candidate as an alternative protein source for animal feeds to replace fishmeal and other less sustainable sources.

BSF Larvae Meal Potential

Budi Tanaka, the CEO and founder of Bio Cycle Indonesia saw the potential of BSF as a business early on and started to produce larvae meals in 2018. Budi explains that Bio Cycle was established in 2018 as a pilot project and received investment from the Koppert Foundation in 2019. Finally, the factory in Riau was built in March 2020. Budi said the reason he built Bio Cycle is that from a business perspective, BSF has the potential to cover various sectors, including livestock farming, agriculture, fisheries, waste management, and global sustainability issues. According to Budi, currently, BSF Meal is being used across various animal feed sectors, including Pet food (dogs, cats, even reptiles) and aquaculture. Especially in aquaculture, which encompasses the farming of fish and other aquatic species, has recognized the potential of BSF Meal as an alternative protein source. “The high protein content and amino acid profile of BSF Meal makes it a valuable ingredient for meeting the nutritional requirements of aquatic species,” Budi explained. For fish and shrimp feeds, Budi continued, the utilization of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) offers several advantages, particularly in terms of sustainability and promoting better immune health for aquatic organisms. One such characteristic is their high content of amino microbial peptides (AMPs). These AMPs are natural compounds with antimicrobial properties that play a crucial role in the larvae’s defense against harmful pathogens. When included in fish or shrimp feeds, the AMPs from BSF larvae can help enhance the immune response of aquatic organisms, strengthening their ability to combat bacterial infections. Specifically, the presence of AMPs in BSF larvae can provide protection against pathogenic bacteria such as strains of Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, etc. These bacteria are commonly associated with crustacean diseases and can have detrimental effects on the gut health of shrimp.

In terms of insect meal’s potential as an animal feed ingredient, the Business Development Manager of Skretting Asia, Ho Gim Chong, said that they have seen from lab tests, research papers, and farm trials that there are added functional and performance benefits from using BSF meal in shrimp feed. “We’ve also seen that as the fish meal supply continues to face volatility, alternative proteins grown sustainably and consistently in a highly controlled environment could bring much­needed stability to the feed industry. We have seen strong evidence in R&D papers that best inclusion rates for BSF Meal to be included in fish/shrimp feed are between 2.5% to 12.5%,” he claimed.

According to Ho Gim Chong, there are a couple of requirements for an ingredient to be considered worthy for feed formulation. Those requirements are: they are available in large quantities, are priced fairly, have a high level of digestible protein for the animal, and finally, they must have consistency. BSF Larvae Meal is a viable option, though much

content“Thehighprotein andaminoMealacidprofileofBSFvaluablemakesita ingredienttheformeeting requirementsnutritional ofaquaticspecies”

Soldier Fly

larger quantities are necessary for better economies of scale.

He adds that right now, they are working together with INSEACT to roll out shrimp feed with insect meal inclusion to customers in the region. And, the farm trials show that there are indeed benefits to using BSF meal in shrimp feed, including better FCRs, growth rate, and survivability.

How to Produce BSF Larvae Meal

The production of BSF larvae at Bio Cycle typically involves creating a carefully controlled environment that promotes their breeding and growth. “In our rearing setup, we use specialized crates. These crates provide an ideal space for larvae to thrive, allowing us to maintain optimal conditions for their development for the larvae. [Then] we feed them with Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) and provide them with water on a daily basis,” Budi explained. The methods that Bio Cycle use are specifically done to provide an optimal breeding condition which results in a high­density setup and good­quality egg production each day. “We are proud to hold certification in HACCP, ISO 22000, and FDA, which demonstrate our commitment to ensuring the highest standards of food safety and quality,” he claimed.

The life cycle of BSF consists of four main stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The life cycle begins with the female BSF laying eggs. Once the eggs hatch, BSF larvae emerge and are fed PKM during this stage. When the larvae reach their maximum size, they enter the pupal stage. During this phase, the larvae undergo metamorphosis inside a cocoon-like structure, and they are generally inactive and cannot consume any food at this phase. After the pupal stage, the adult BSF emerges and does not consume any food either. Instead, their primary focus is reproduction and finding suitable sites for egg­laying. “We utilize the larval stage for BSF meal production, specifically targeting larvae that are approximately 15 days old. At that age, larvae are at their peak in terms of protein and fat content, making them highly suitable for producing high­quality BSF meal,” Budi claimed.

Challenges

Budi acknowledges that, even though BSF has big potential, developing it also comes with its own challenges. One of the biggest hurdles that he faces is the lack of established industry standards and guidelines for BSF production. Unlike traditional industries, the insect farming sector is still relatively new and evolving. “Therefore, we must develop our own standard operational production methods through continuous learning and experimentation,“ he said.

Whereas according to Ho Gim Chong, the challenge for the feed mill industry to use more BSF Larvae meal in their formulation is price competitiveness and availability in large quantities. Budi also supports this claim, saying that introducing BSF Larvae meal into feed mill formulation poses certain challenges, primarily due to the unique characteristics and considerations associated with adopting a new ingredient in large-scale production.

Thus, Budi believes that there are a couple of ways that can be done to make BSF Meal more mainstream as a feed ingredient. First, Education and awareness campaigns are crucial. Efforts should be made to educate feed producers, nutritionists, and industry stakeholders about BSF Meal’s sustainability benefits, nutritional composition, and performance advantages. Secondly, collaborating with regulatory authorities to establish clear guidelines and standards for producing, processing, and using BSF Meal as a feed ingredient can provide the framework for its widespread acceptance. “It is crucial to ensure that safety, quality, and labeling requirements are met to assure feed producers and end-users of the reliability and compliance of BSF Meal,” he said.

“Wehaveseenstrongevidence inclusioninR&DpapersthatbestratesforBSFMealtobeincludedin fish/shrimpfeed arebetween2.5%to12.5%”

Fish School

Transforming Indonesian Shrimp Farming with Innovation

Ahoy there, matey! Avast ye to the second part of this swashbuckling series! In The Crust, we have discussed a few times before the merits of using a nursery and multiphase system. But let’s revise a bit shall we?

What is a nursery and multiphase system?

The nursery system involves nurturing shrimp in smaller specialized tanks or ponds during their early developmental stages, usually in the first 10-20 days and high density 2-10 PL/Liter.

Once the shrimp reach a certain size, they are transitioned to larger grow-out ponds in the multiphase system. The shrimps are quickly caught, weighed, and transferred to another pond. Here, farmers meticulously manage the shrimp’s growth phases, employing strategic feeding schedules and water quality control to maximize productivity. Farmers can determine the amount of “phases” in their farm. Even Though it’s a lot to be done, a multi-phase system can have a 4-6 cycle of shrimp production per year!

While Vietnam faced a few hurdles of their own, such as poor water quality and higher production costs, they cleverly invested in developing a more intensive biosecure system that sacrifices 50-70% of farm area for water treatment, resulting in a whopping 4-6 kg/m2 of biomass yields. Then they increase the number of production cycles per year to at least 4 cycles. Indonesia, on the other hand, has been lagging behind with only 2-3 kg/m2 of biomass yield with about 2.5 cycles per year.

Visualizing system and biosecurity improvements

On the left, we have the conventional pond with a 30% failure rate. But fear not! On the right, feast your eyes upon the improved pond with a mere 10% failure rate - a true marvel of predictability!

How did we achieve such a feat, you ask? By refining our farm manage-

ment protocol and instilling a culture of discipline among our employees. It’s true what they say, my dear friend - the key to success lies in unwavering commitment to a solid strategy and unwavering discipline.

Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation

In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero. Mycotoxin risk management is the insurance policy to secure feed quality and safety, whilst optimizing productivity.

Reduced risk

Increased productivity and efficiency

Sustainable production

If not us, who? If not now, when? WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE Follow

The Alternatives: Seaweed

Macroalgae, more generally identified as seaweed, refers to thousands of marine algae species essential for the ocean due to its importance as an aquatic habitat and nutrient source for other sea animals. The three main categories of algae are Green algae (Chlorophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae), and red algae (Rhodophyceae). Green algae thrive in a rich environment, and some even have the potential to grow very fast; one of them is the algae Ulva sp., more commonly known as sea lettuce. Additionally, Ulva sp. has been gaining attention in the past decade due to its rich nutrient content.

This potential is what the founder of Living Seas Aquafeeds Pte. Ltd., Timothy Hromatka, saw and grew his interest in further developing this seaweed. It began during the Covid-19 pandemic when Timothy was stuck in Singapore, where he rented some land from a friend to build a small, intensive shrimp farm coupled with raceways. There he started to plant sea lettuce for water filtration in a recirculating, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system and started learning more about shrimp and seaweed aquaculture.

“I would feed my shrimp the seaweed that I grew, and I noticed that they were actively seeking it out and preferred it over pellets: the shrimp were getting something from the seaweed that they wanted more than a “complete” commercial feed. So back here in Indonesia, I continued to dig deeper and became obsessed with using seaweeds in aquafeeds,” Timothy said.

Seaweed as a Feed Supplement

Timothy was wildly convinced of the benefits of incorporating seaweed into a modern shrimp diet. To reduce predation, according to him, seaweeds have several defensive mechanisms which need to be understood. But in general, green seaweeds like sea lettuce (Ulva sp.) try to grow faster than they can be eaten. In contrast, red and brown seaweeds contain high amounts of bioactive molecules for protection which research shows can have a positive immunostimulant effect on shrimp to reduce disease and stress challenges and increase overall vigor.

In Lombok, Timothy runs a laboratory and a small shrimp farm where they have developed (and continue to improve) their Living Sea’s Shrimp Supplement, which incorporates various types of seaweeds, volcanic, deep-earth minerals, and other marine ingredients that is in the process of patenting, so he cannot yet disclose. “We have three balanced goals in mind: improving shrimp stamina and growth, disease resistance, and pond water quality and stability, which are measured in Survival Rates (sampling and feeding), Feed Conversion Rates, and Average Daily Weight Gain. Currently, at our farm, we are getting a 6% improvement in ADG and a 13% reduction in FCR compared to the control with our Shrimp Supplement replacing 5% of the commercial shrimp feed,” he claimed.

“I would feed my shrimp the seaweed that I grew, and I noticed that they were actively seeking it out and preferred it over pellets”

He adds that many probiotics, prebiotics, and feed supplements are available to the modern shrimp farmer. Still, all of these are either top-dressed onto commercial feeds or added directly into the pond water as a powder or liquid, and none of these are introduced as feed replacements. This means that the costs of these supplements are on top of the feed cost and an additional expense to the farmer. “One of our key differences is that our product replaces 5% of the commercial compound feed at the same price, so there is no additional production cost to the farmer using our feed supplement,” he said.

Though algae meal shows promising results as an alternative feed supplement, Timothy admits there are still plenty of challenges he has faced in developing his product. According to him, one of the challenges for growth will be the availability of raw materials. The beneficial effects of seaweed inclusion in animal feeds are becoming

known, and this is not just for aquaculture but for poultry, swine, and bovine as well; more and more people are eating seaweed products. So, there will be more and more competition for raw materials, which could slow the growth or affect the cost of this Shrimp Supplement. “I want to keep the price of my supplement the same as the price of shrimp feed so that when a farmer replaces 5% of their shrimp feed with my supplement, they have no increase in their production cost, and any improved SR and FCR are realized as an extra “bonus” for the farmer,” he hopes.

Seaweed as a Feed Ingredients

How about using seaweed in feed formulation?

The Shrimp Nutritionist of Gold Coin Group Inc., Alexandre Veille, said that as a feed mill, they are looking at consistency, as they are mandated to provide the same feed with the same performance. “We are, in a sense, like champagne makers, the opposite of winemakers, that offers each year a different product. Seaweed is a lot seasonal, hence not easily compatible with consistency,” he said. Another aspect to consider, Alex adds, is the wide variety of seaweed (from the macroalgae: Gracilaria to the microalgae: Spirulina). While some have great potential for aquafeed, others are less interesting, and it also significantly influences the cost of the product.

On one hand, he continued, macroalgae production is dominated by Gracilaria, Sargassum, and Eucheema, which are widely used for food texturants. They are a good candidate for fiber and micronutrient supply in aquafeed since fish and shrimp have more specialized enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides than they have for terrestrial ones. However, the price will be the next challenge once seasonality and supply problems are solved, as feed mill prefers to use a low-moisture product. Seaweed is 80% water; hence after drying, someone will have to pay for this loss!

On the other hand, the use of microalgae known for their fatty acid (Spirulina) or astaxanthin content (Haematococcus) for animal feed competes with the human supplement market. Similar to some feed that uses fish meal with high fat (e.g. tuna by-product fish meal) and fish oil is usually very expensive or limited. Only if the end product can be marketed as such (e.g. “natural astaxanthin fed”), then those feed supplements can find their place. Otherwise,

the cost will be too high both for the feed mill and the farmer.

Nevertheless, Alex admits that the company has done the research regarding the potential of seaweed as a feed ingredient for some time. Gold Coin, a part of the Aboitiz Group, has seen the potential of seaweed long ago and has started studying it in animal feed. The identified limitations were either inconsistency of the supply or cost of the product. At the same time, the main improvements found were related to feed intake, palatability, mineral composition of the meat, and of course, fillet/cooked color grade

improvement. The best results for this trial were observed in shrimp grown in biofloc systems. It’s part of the natural diet of shrimp, and they can digest the fiber in seaweed better than they can digest terrestrial plants, providing better digestive health. “From our experience and trials, 2% is the ideal inclusion rate for seaweed meals to be included in shrimp and fish to balance the quality variation while seeing the benefit on feed intake and performance,” he explains.

According to Alex, anything can be a feed ingredient as long as we know its value. If we only consider protein, he said, the best way to evaluate is to compare the cost of the protein to the soybean meal (SBM) because SBM is a very consistent ingredient that can be digested pretty easily by any animal. “Today, SBM is priced around 600 USD/MT for 46% of protein. Hence the cost of protein will be around 13 USD/% of CP. Any ingredient with a protein cost that is lower or similar will be considered as a protein source. Seaweed protein is rarely higher than 10%, and the market selling price for it is rarely below 600 USD/MT, giving it a protein cost four times higher than SBM,” Alex explains.

Other than that, product consistency and availability is the most challenging aspect of using seaweed meal. While April till the end of August will create bountiful harvests, the end of the year or when the tide is too strong often create scarcity. This inconsistent supply is a real challenge for the feed mills to include seaweed meals in their formulation. Additionally, sometimes you have beach-harvested seaweed, with some lots containing up to 10% sand or salt concentration from 10 to 20%. Depending on the origin, the seaweed can be heavily loaded with heavy metals, which can be an issue for animal performance. In the end, mixing it all is very challenging for quality control of the end pellet. “Maybe in coming years, with the end product reflecting farmer practices and providing them fair support, there will be more room for seaweed usage in feed. That’s why with Reimagin Seaweed - the innovative start-up that aims to transform the

seaweed industry in the Philippines by addressing some of the most significant challenges facing the industry today - we expect to have a better source and competitive price of algae to support our internal demand of seaweed meal,” Alex closed.

THE CRUST - DENNY,UTE

“Fromourexperience andtrials,2%isthe idealinclusionrate forseaweedmealsto beincludedinshrimp andfishtobalance thequalityvariation whileseeingthebenefit onfeedintakeand performance”

wet MARKET: Reflections on the Global Market

5months into 2023 & everyone is asking, what lies ahead for not just shrimp but seafood in general. It’s been a weird year with no clear purchasing patterns. 2023 started out gloomy. In January & February importers were still stuck with large (and expensive) inventories. Sentiment was rather down & people were very reluctant to take any huge strides.

Come the end of February however we began to see a bit of an upswing where importers realised that they needed to buy for the summer. This lead to mild increase in pricing as Ecuador went out of season. This was further exacerbated by the fact that the Eid holidays were going to be at the end of April & everyone knew containers would not be getting out from the last 2 weeks of April.

Traditionally, before right before the Eid holidays, most farmers would want to harvest as they do not want shrimp in their ponds without any workers being present during the long holidays. As a result, there would be a glut of shrimp around about 2­3 weeks before the holidays. Prices would normally fall around this time. Exporters know this and plan their orders accordingly. Their offers get more aggressive in the month before Eid.

Interestingly, this year turned out to be different. Due to low prices in January & February, a lot of farmers opted not to seed their ponds, which meant that come April, there was nothing to harvest. Exporters were caught off guard & rushed to find raw material at any price in order to fulfil orders. Prices shot up. They continued to stay up post Eid in defiance of global market trends. India is coming into season which means that the Indian packers are dumping. They took some orders in March with the traditional mantra of “Farmers did not seed much, raw material is going to be short, prices will go up”. They say this every year in Boston. Currently, Indian peeled shrimp is being offered at 40 cents per lb lower than Indonesian.

THE CRUST - MIDA

The DDGSAlternatives:

The increasing price and limited supply of fishmeal as the pri mary protein ingredient for shrimp feed have raised significant sustainability concerns. In response, formulators and feed mills actively seek alternative raw materials to reduce reliance on fishmeal. While plant-based protein sources like soybean meal (SBM) have been utilized as a solution, rising commodity prices have necessitated the search for additional alternative ingredients that can ensure the economical production of shrimp feed.

In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as a potential alternative plant-based protein ingredient. DDGS, a by-product of ethanol made from corn, boasts a high-protein feed composition with an average crude protein content of 25-30%. Notably, the price per unit protein of DDGS is lower than that of (SBM), making it an attractive option for developing sustainable and economically viable shrimp diets.

Scientifically Proven

Furthermore, DDGS proves to be a viable alternative ingredient for shrimp feed not only due to its economic advantages but also because it does not have any detrimental effects on shrimp. Recent research conducted by a nutrition expert from the Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Romi Novriadi, supports this claim. His latest study revealed that incorporating DDGS into shrimp feed, both in laboratory and field experiments, led to shrimp growth comparable to that achieved with the current factory feed. These results demonstrate the suitability of DDGS as an alternative ingredient in shrimp diets.

“Shrimp performance is quantitatively even better when there is DDGS content in the feed as a partial substitute for SBM. Apart from growth performance, the use of DDGS also does not affect the nutritional composition of the shrimp at the end of cultivation,” Romi tells THE CRUST.

While DDGS holds promise as an alternative protein source, its application is somewhat restricted. Romi highlights that DDGS is optimally utilized only at a maximum of 15 percent to replace fishmeal or SBM, necessitating its combination with other protein sources. Nevertheless, the inclusion of DDGS into shrimp feed can still save costs, reducing feed production expenditure by approximately 3 percent.

“One of our concerns is that shrimp also have other nutritional needs, such as cholesterol and DHA, which cannot be obtained solely by relying on vegetable protein. In addition, corn has a relatively low amount of lysine (one of the essential amino acids that can only be obtained through external intake) compared to fishmeal or SBM. However, corn has a fairly high level of Methionine (an essential amino acid),” he explains.

Market Trends

Not only at the research level, but the use of DDGS as an alternative ingredient has also been adopted by feed mills to achieve cost-efficiency and sustainability objectives, particularly in their efforts towards carbon neutrality. According to a promi­

“Apartfrom growth DDGSperformance,theuseof alsodoesnotaffectthenutritional compositionoftheshrimpattheendof cultivation”

nent DDGS supplier, The U.S Grain Council (USGC), DDGS is gaining popularity across Southeast Asia (SEA), North Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. In SEA itself, countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand have already embraced the use of DDGS in their aquaculture practices. Moreover, the Philippines is not only incorporating DDGS in fin fish feeds but also exploring other high-protein sources, including corn fermented protein (CFP).

Regional Director of USGC for Southeast Asia & Oceania, Caleb Wurth, says that DDGS is mainly used as an ingredient for poultry feed in Southeast Asia. However, DDGS can be seen in the rations of most species, including ruminants, swine, and exotics. He reveals that nearly 1 million metric tons of DDGS are sold into Indonesia annually.

“Mainly to the poultry industry as it is the largest feed consumer by volume. Shrimp demand makes up a relatively low overall volume, but growing fast,” he adds.

Even to serve the shrimp feed market, the DDGS industry is trying to increase the protein content from the regular 27 percent to 40-60 percent by adding another round of fiber extraction. They are excited to produce and market this higher protein DDGS of nearly 500,000 MT.

Aquafeed R&D Director CJ Feed, Kim Sung Sam, confirms that the aquafeed industry has been reviewing the use of DDGS as they are looking for cost efficiency. Based on the latest research and verified by the trial on their own farm, CJ Feed & Care Indonesia currently uses DDGS in small amounts in shrimp feed.

The inclusion rates of DDGS depend on various factors such as species, growth stage, water temperature, density, etc. Therefore, Kim says that it’s necessary to verify the feeding trial according to those various factors. “It’s relatively difficult to determine the inclusion rates because the appropriate amount varies according to various factors,” Kim adds.

Citing Chatvijitkul’s paper (2016), Kim says “that the popularity of DDGS as a protein source is the result of moderate protein and lipid contents, as well as phosphorus, vitamins and trace minerals present in the meal. Moreover, DDGS does not contain some anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, phytate, and gossypol, which can cause negative effects on aquatic digestive systems and may influence feed palatability. However, the proper amount of use should be identified according to the raw material to be replaced.”

The Challenges

However, there are some challenges faced by the industry related to the use of DDGS. Kim Sung Sam sees that relying on raw materials that depend on imports can reduce the competitiveness of Indonesian aquaculture. He hopes that in the future, Indonesia will be able to produce quality ingredients on its own due to Indonesia actually having many alternative raw materials. That way, feed production costs, and feed prices can be even less expensive. “If the quality of raw materials produced in Indonesia is improved, and it replaces imported raw materials, the competitiveness of Indonesia’s aquaculture industry will be strengthened,” he concludes.

Additionally, according to Caleb Wurth, drying and maintaining quality during shipment is the biggest constraint to delivering quality DDGS. DDGS is made in the U.S. and is put in a container for 3040 days over the open ocean. Accidents such as delays and leaky containers are a part of the supply chain. So, end users must pick suppliers that will be fair and reasonable when these uncommon but unfortunate instances occur.

Caleb also says that there is always a challenge to convince feed mills and farmers to try something for the first time. But he assures that “The U.S. Grains Council and our partners are here in the region to support these transitions. The economic incentive is there. We are here to support you through the technical and mental barriers.”

THE CRUST - AB,UTE, RIZKY

“It’srelativelydifficultto determinetheinclusionrates becausetheappropriate amountvariesaccordingto variousfactors”

“TheU.S.GrainsCouncil andourpartnersare hereintheregion tosupportthese economictransitions.Theincentiveis there.Wearehereto supportyouthroughthe technicalandmental barriers”

Sealegs

Have you ever dreamt of living on a boat? Traveling the world through the seven seas? Embarking on a sailing adventure allows you to embrace the freedom and beauty of the open seas. Whether you’re sailing along the coast of the Caribbean, exploring the Mediterranean, or venturing into the Pacific Islands, living on board a ship offers a unique and exhilarating experience. In this article, we will delve into the highlights and challenges of embarking on a sailing adventure:

Choose the Right Vessel:

Selecting the perfect ship sets the stage for an unforgettable journey. Whether it’s a catamaran, pinisi, or a luxury yacht. Consider factors such as size, layout, amenities to ensure comfort and functionality, and how long you will live on it. A ship’s stability and spaciousness are also important for extended periods at sea, especially in deeper oceans. Additionally, you need a ship with a shallow draft, such as a catamaran, to allow access to secluded anchorages and hidden coves, adding an element of exploration to your adventure.

Explore Stunning Destinations:

Sailing can take you on exciting adventures and unveils a myriad of breathtaking destinations worldwide. From the Greek Isles to the Raja Ampat, from the South Pacific to the Adriatic Coast, the possibilities are endless. Explore secluded bays, pristine beaches, and vibrant coral reefs. Immerse yourself in diverse cultures, indulge in local cuisine, and witness awe-inspiring landscapes. Each destination offers its own unique charm and experiences, inviting you to embark on unforgettable adventures.

Create a Comfortable Living Space: Prepare for Life at Sea:

You don’t wanna be lost in the middle of the sea! Before embarking on your sailing adventure, thorough preparation is crucial. Obtain the necessary licenses and certifications, familiarize yourself with navigation techniques, and study weather patterns. Understanding safety procedures and emergency protocols ensures a secure and enjoyable voyage. Proper provisioning and meal planning are also essential for sustenance during long passages. One integral cargo that must not be forgotten is fresh water, since you won’t find that easily in the middle of the ocean.

Living on board a ship requires creativity in maximizing space and ensuring comfort. Utilize clever storage solutions, such as collapsible bins and hanging organizers, to keep belongings organized and secure. Optimize natural light and ventilation through strategically positioned windows and hatches. Multi-functional furniture and foldable tables allow for versatility and efficient use of space, creating a cozy living environment. Plus, don’t forget to bring your favorite pillow to feel more at home.

Sailing the seas is an extraordinary adventure that opens up a world of exploration, freedom, and unforgettable experiences. Savor the freedom of setting sail, powered by the wind and guided by the currents. Experience the thrill of gliding through the water, observing dolphins playing in the bow waves, or witnessing breathtaking sunsets from the deck. However, sailing also demands adaptability as you navigate changing weather conditions, tides, and unforeseen challenges. Overcoming these hurdles fosters resilience, self-reliance, and a deep connection with the natural world. So, set sail on your own adventure, immerse yourself in the beauty of the open waters, and let the winds guide you to new horizons and lifelong memories. Bon voyage!

toMysecret joyinlifeisinfindingBalancebalance. andsweating,infamily, decisions.making

Iprobablybeupdeepinthesky, theexploringinthesea, unknown,orbuilding ashrimpfarm