Gold Nugget Plecostomus - Baryancistrus xanthellus : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Gold Nugget Pleco (Baryancistrus xanthellus) is a visually stunning and relatively peaceful fish species. However, they are recommended only for well-established aquariums and experienced aquarists due to their specific tankmate requirements. While males can coexist with most fish, they may exhibit aggression towards males of their own species or other bottom-dwelling Plecos. Therefore, species of fish that swim in the upper levels of the aquarium make ideal companions as they not only leave the Plecos alone but also help to balance the tank's structure.
An ideal environment for Gold Nugget Plecos necessitates a well-established aquarium with a soft sand substrate. Skillfully positioned pieces of smooth rockwork and thoughtfully arranged bogwood should be utilized to fashion an abundance of shaded caves and crevices, emulating their natural habitat. To simulate their native conditions, it is essential to incorporate brisk water movement and achieve a high level of oxygenation. This can be achieved through the integration of a river-tank manifold or powerheads, which complement the filtration system's water circulation.
Given their disposition, these substantial bottom-dwelling inhabitants thrive in warmer temperatures, with a lower threshold of 25 °C being optimal. To uphold their well-being, regular partial water changes must be diligently executed, as these catfish are prolific waste producers and possess low tolerance for elevated nitrate levels.
These Plecos are predominantly black, with numerous small yellow spots that cover their entire body. The spots are evenly spaced and of the same size throughout. The fins have yellow distal bands, which are brighter than the spots on their body. These fish have a unique physical appearance, with a downward-angled suckermouth and head. The body is widest around the eyes and pectoral fins and tapers towards the caudal peduncle. They have large, backwards-pointing pectoral fins, a fan-like dorsal fin, and a slightly larger, balanced caudal fin.
Gold Nugget Plecostomus Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
It can be challenging to distinguish between male and female Gold Nugget Plecos unless they have reached sexual maturity. Typically, males have a flatter, more levelled slope to their foreheads, and their heads are slightly wider. Females, on the other hand, have a more rounded forehead and plumper midbody when in spawning condition.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Baryancistrus xanthellus |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 2011 |
| Other Names | Gold Nugget, Golden Nugget Pleco |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Siluriformes |
| Family | Loricariidae |
| Genus | Baryancistrus |
| Origins | Brazil |
| Max Size | 22.5 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom |
| Difficulty | Intermediate - Advanced |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Loners |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Egg Depositor |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 8 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.0 - 7.5 |
| GH | 5 - 15 |
| TDS | 54 - 268 |
| ℉ | 77 - 86 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 25 - 30 |
Natural Habitat
Gold Nugget Plecos hail from the Volta Grande Do Rio Xingu in the northern Amazon River basin of Brazil. These captivating fish can be found between the mouth of the Rio Iriri and the Belo Monte Falls in Para state. Gold Nugget Plecos thrive in highly oxygenated, fast-flowing waters. Younger fish prefer to dwell under flat rocks in shallow, warm stretches of white water rapids, while adult specimens inhabit more open spaces among submerged boulders and rocks where the water is forced past the rocks at speed and is saturated with oxygen.
Breeding
Breeding Gold Nugget Plecos in captivity is a challenging yet rewarding project for the serious hobbyist. Unfortunately, there are no well-documented guidelines for breeding this cave-spawning species, but success can be achieved by maintaining well-conditioned, sexually mature fish of both sexes in warm, soft, and acidic water with slate or clay caves that have only one entrance hole and a high level of oxygenation.
Reports suggest that these fish can be triggered into spawning with a combination of frequent partial water changes at lower temperatures and increased water flow. With patience, dedication, and careful attention to water parameters and cave structures, successful breeding of the Gold Nugget Pleco can be achieved in the home aquarium.
Diet & Feeding
The Gold Nugget Pleco is an omnivore and has a broad diet spectrum. However, to ensure their nutritional requirements are met, it is essential to provide them with a well-balanced diet. As bottom-dwelling fish, they spend a significant amount of time scavenging for algae, organic matter, and plant-based food. These are their primary food sources. However, they also require a protein-rich diet to supplement their core nutritional needs. Adding sinking pellets to their diet is an excellent way to provide the necessary nutrients. Additionally, supplementing their diet with live foods such as bloodworm or tubifex can be a great way to keep them healthy and happy.
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