Kingdom Animalia Class Actinopterygii Family Pomacentridae Rank Species | Phylum Chordata Order Perciformes Subfamily Amphiprioninae | |
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Similar Amphiprion mccullochi, Amphiprion leucokranos, Three‑band anemonefish, Amphiprion akindynos, Amphiprion fuscocaudatus | ||
Wide band anemonefish amphiprion latezonatus clownfish in lord howe island
Amphiprion latezonatus, also known as the wide-band anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish found in subtropical waters off the east coast of Australia.. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male.
Contents
- Wide band anemonefish amphiprion latezonatus clownfish in lord howe island
- Captive bred amphiprion latezonatus clownfish feeding at hp corals
- Description
- Color variations
- Similar species
- Distribution and Habitat
- Host anemones
- Conservation status
- In aquaria
- References
Captive bred amphiprion latezonatus clownfish feeding at hp corals
Description
A. latezonatus grows up to 15 cm, and is dark brown with three white bars and a broad white margin on the caudal fin. As the common name suggests the middle bar is very wide, about twice the average width of other anemonefishes and is shaped like a flat topped pyramid. They have 10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 15-16 dorsal soft rays and 13-14 anal soft rays. They reach a maximum length of 14 cm (5 1⁄2 in).
Color variations
A. latezonatus often has bright blue markings on the upper lip and the edges of the bars. The dorsal fin may be orange or yellow
Similar species
The broad mid-body bar is distinctive and A. latezonatus is unlikely to be confused with any other anemonefish. The closest in appearance are A. polymnus (Saddleback anemonefish) and A. sebae (Sebae anemonefish) however A. latezonatus has a broader mid-band and lacks the characteristic slope of A. polymnus or A. sebae. Historically anemonefish have been identified by morphological features, color pattern in the field, while in a laboratory other features such as scalation of the head, tooth shape and body proportions. These features have been used to group species into complexes and A. latezonatus was considered as part of the saddleback complex with A. polymnus and A. sebae. Genetic analysis has shown that the saddleback complex is not a monophyletic group and that A. latezonatus has a monospecific lineage, and is more closely related to A. percula and Premnas biaculeatus than to the saddleback group.
Distribution and Habitat
A. latezonatus is found in subtropical waters of Australia, from southern Queensland to northern New South Wales, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island.
Host anemones
The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random and instead is highly nested in structure. A. latezonatus is highly specialised with only 1 species anemone host, Heteractis crispa Sebae anemone. A soon to be published article reports A. latezonatus has been found in two additional host sea anemone species.
Conservation status
Anemonefish and their host anemones are found on coral reefs and face similar environmental issues. Like corals, anemone's contain intracellular endosymbionts, zooxanthellae, and can suffer from bleaching due to triggers such as increased water temperature or acidification. Characteristics known to elevate the risk of extinction are small geographic range, small local population and extreme habitat specialisation. A. latezonatus is an endemic species, confined to the subtropical east coast of Australia. The finding of A. latezonatus being hosted by two additional sea anemone species may reduce the risk of extinction associated with specialisation. This species was not evaluated in the 2012 release of the IUCN Red List
In aquaria
A. latezonatus has been bred in captivity.